Matthew Fuller (2005) _Media Ecologies: Materialist Energies in Art and Technoculture_, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 

The energies that Matthew Fuller identifies lie outside of the regimes of music, harmony and voice, and more in the realm of noise. His discussion emerges in the context of radio communication and the use of other recording devices. Responding to the characterization of a communication model that oversimplifies the relation of transmitter to receiver, he examines the question: "How do you make a voice?" (2005, 25). He charts how technologies have attempted to simulate "the language of the soul" (the "ohs" and "ahs", the use of the open throat and gaping mouth, citing Kittler's Discourse Networks, but in Fuller 2005, 26). and how the first automata attempted to capture these strange sounds and noises that lay at the root of language. Contemporary speech recognition software similarly interprets the electromagnetic input from the built in microphone, further interpreted by a series of logical operations built into the computer, and its complexities. The apparent rationality lies in contrast to noise but more importantly mutated forms such hip-hop that voices itself. It "states its claim to attention in spatiotemporal terms", the body identified in terms of particularities of class and race (2005: 28). This is a voice that makes strange, that challenges normative communication and synthetic technologies.