Derek Partridge (2005) 'Computation without Representation', Faculty of Technology research seminar, University of Plymouth, 03.02.05.

Computational logic doesn't apply in quite the same way in the case of neural networks - they are 'black boxes' in this sense. Much software could be described in this way as 'black box software'. Rather than following the historical model that follows the computer science logic of correct or incorrect, Partridge suggests a more measured 'accurate approximation' (2005). This is messy but robust as opposed to the elegant, but fragile precision of correct/incorrect. This seems obvious outside the confines of computer science wherein certainty is ideologically bound. In this sense, 'accurate approximation' appears to follow a dialectical impulse in taking approximation as a temporary synthesis to be further tested in the dialectical chain.